Refractional demonstrating device



A ANGEL. REFRACTIONAL DEMONSTRATING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.5. I919. 4

Patented June 1, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I- A. ANGEL.

REFRACTIONAL DEMONSTRAHNG DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED 050.5. 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2..

'1,341,'773. PatentedJuneL1920.

A.ANGEL. REFRACTIONAL DEMONSTRATING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILEID DEC-5r 1919.

. 3 SHEETSSHEET 3. s-+

UNITED STATES @FEi- CQE.

ALBERT ANGEL, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

REERAGTIO'NAL DEMONSTRATING DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patentgd'J-unei 192 0 Application filed, December 5,. 1919. Serial No. 342,647.

. To all whom it may concern:

Be'it knownthat I, ALBERT ANGEL, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Cleve land, inthe county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful, Improvements in Refractional: Demonstrating Devices, of a specification.

This invention" relates tooptometry and is particularly intended for the purpose of which the following is demonstrating: to students of the .art the uses of various types of corrective lenses when applied to different forms of defective eye sight. p

Further and more limited objects of the invention areobtainedzje. q. in demonstratting' to individuals the. actual .condition of their eyes and the improvements gained by theapplication of. corrective lenses; 1n ascertaining the prescription of a-.conrective .lens .witha view to making duplicates when desired; in testing the qualitiesof. a corrective lens to determine whether or .not it meets with the requirements of the prescription.

. WVith the above and other objects in view .the invention consists of the construction,

combination .of parts illustrated and-described, and specifically, pointed out in the appended claims.

.Reference .being had to the accompanyingdrawingswherein Figure 1 isa perspec-. tive view of a figure head in which is containedthe mechanism for obtaining the results her'einbefore mentioned, the figure head being mounted upon a base board which supports in front thereof an .astigmatic dial; Fig- 2 is substantially'a front. elevation of the mechanism removed from the figure head; Fig. 3.is a plan View of the 1 device, certain parts being brokenaway for clearness of illustration andother parts be ing shown in section;Fig. 4. isa vertical section indicated by the line 4.4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a transverse-section indicated by .the line 55 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a sectional detailcorresponding to the line 6-6 of Fig.

.5; and Fig. 7 ,is a sectional detail corresponding to the line 7 'Zfof Fig. 3.

.The invention and more particularlythe operating mechanism. contained within the figure head. comprisesa rectangular frame 1 which is rigidly fixed withinfthe figure head and whichsupports a pair of tubes 2, 55, and 2 The'se tubes beingide'ntical in con-' described.

tube 2..by. means ofscrews 15.

,sprlngs 16.secured to the central collar 14 are fastened at. their opposite ends to the struction except for a spring arrangement within. the. tube 2 which holds the image glass .in constant focus.

This spring 7 arrangement will in its turn be hereinafter Within the tubes 2 and2 are. a second pair of tubes 3 and 3 which are spaced from the inner walls of the outer. tubes by the col- .lars 6 an d 6 7 and 7, which are threaded upon the ends of the inner tubes. Longitudinally mounted upon the tubes3 and 3Pfare racks 8 and 8 which mesh with the pinions 9 and 9 these pinions being carried by bearlings 10. and 10 which are secured to'the outer Secured to the'pinion10 is a.

tubes 2 and 2 splndle 11 which has fixed upon its opposite .,end a handle 12. It will thus be seen that any,

motiongiven to the handle 12 will result in longitudinal movement of the inner tube 3. Set within the collar 7 is a frosted glass.

The above mentioned spring arrangement .mounted within the tube 2 consists of. a collar 14L centrallymounted to the walls of the A pair of collar 6, and a second pair of springs 17am fastened to the collar Mat one end and the collar 7 at the other end. As the springs 16 and 17 are of equal tension it will be seen that if the inner tube 3 is moved to the right or left by means of a rack andpinion above mentioned it will upon release revert, to the. l predetermined focah position.

. Secured to the housing is a bracket 18 which in turn supports va frame 19 into which are threaded a pair of sockets 20 and 20 ,,the-so'cket 20 being held centrally in line with the tube 2,.the socket 20* being likewise in line ,with the tube 2 These sockets are identical in construction. The

socket 20 partially incloses a, sphere 21 which. for convenience of assembly is split into two portions and held togetherby the threaded joint 22. a

Set into an aperture in the, forwardpart of the sphere 21 is a convex lens 23 which for the purpose of imitationrepresents the,

cornea of an eye and for the purpose of demonstration performs the work of both the cornea and the lens substance of an eye, refracting the light rays and thereby projecting any image which may be in line upon the image glass 13. Also mounted within the sphere 21 is an iris diaphragm 24 which as a means of imitation and demonstration represents an eye pupil; Opening or closing of this diaphragm is effected by a pin secured to the diaphragm at one end by passing through a slot 26 in the sphere and a second slot 27 in the socket and engaging a forked end of a lever 28 mounted within the casing of the figure head and extending to the outside of the same. The slot 27 is of a width sufiicient to permit of small universal movement of the sphere 21. At the rear of the socket 21 is a circular aperture 29 permitting light rays to pass beyond to the image glass 13.

A bracket 30 secured to the housing 1 is provided with a slot in which is slidably mounted an operating handle 31 which at its lower end extends into a lens frame 32 in which is mounted convex lenses 33 and 33", the purpose of which will hereinafter be described. A sleeve 34 mounted upon the operating handle 31 and has secured to it a second operating handle 35 which has secured at its lower end a slotted bracket 36 which in turn supports a device known by the artas atrial frame 37 this frame is well known to those familiar with the art and is used for the application of trial lenses of different properties and is identical wit-h known frames in construction wherefore it will require no "further explanation. At the bottom of the housing 1 is secured a pair of brackets 38 in which are slidably mounted operating levers 39 and 40. Fixed to the operating lever 39 is a cross member 41 which extends to either side to points directly under the sockets 20 and 20 Pins 42 and 42 extend upwardly from the ends of the cross -member 41 and through suitable apertures 43 and 43 in the sockets 20 and 20 and are then threaded into the spheres 21 and 21 at the points 44 and 44*. Any movement given to the operating handle 39 will then cause the spheres 21 and 21 to turn or sight in an upward Or downward direction as desired. The operating handle turns upward at the point 45 and-is secured to pins 46 and 46 ,'these pins passing through suitable slots in the sockets 20 and 20 and secured to the spheres 21 and .21 in a like manner to that of the pins 42 and 42. Any movement given to the operating handle 40 causes the spheres 20 and 20 to turn or sight inwardlyor outwardly and capable of giving them the appearance termedcross eyed.

is slidably As the lenses 23 and 23 are suitably ground for a focal distance of twenty feet (commonly termed infinity) with the image glass at what I will termnormal position, such as held by the springs 16 and 17 in the tube 2, it is found that when it is desired to bring the focal point to reading distance sufiicient movement of the inner tube 3 with its image glass would not be within the flange of the instrument. Therefore the second pair of lenses 33' and 33 are brought into use by raising the lens frame 32 to the dotted position as shown in Fig. 5 by means of the operating handle 31 and held in place by a leaf spring 50 secured to the bracket 30. The lenses 33 and 33 are suitably ground so that when used in combination with the lenses 23 and 23" the focal point of the instrument is brought to a reading dis tance (about sixteen inches) without requiring any'movement of the image glass from normal position.

In demonstration, the refractional device is focused at a reading distance on the astigmatic dial A as shown in Fig. 1 and the image of the dial appears on the image glass 13, this dial is adjustable on the rod B. By manipulating the diaphragm 24 and 24 by means of the levers 28 and 28 the density of the light rays refracted onto the image glass is varied, thereby illustrating the use of the iris or pupil in a living eye.

The tube 2 illustrates to some extent the advantage of a young eye over that of an old one in that when the image glass 13 is thrown out of focus by means of the pinion 9 and rack 8, upon being released, it immediately jumps back into focus thereby demonstrating the muscular control of a young eye. The tube 2 represents an old eye in that it may be set out of focus and not having sufiicient muscular control to bring it back to a proper focus, a corrective lens must be applied in the shap'e of an eye or spectacle in front of the lens 23 on the exterior of the head.

In demonstrating to a patient the actual condition of his eye sight, lenses of an opposite quality to that required by his prescription are set into the trial frame 37. This brings the point of focus thrown onto the image glass 13 ahead or behind. the image glass thereby causing the image to be poorly defined on the image glass in exactly the same manner the patient would see with out the use of a corrective lens. The corrective lenses are then applied in the shape of glasses or spectacles on the exterior of the device and the image is again sharply defined on the image glass thereby illustrating to the patient the improvement gained by the use of corrective lenses.

In order to ascertain the prescription of a corrective lens, the qualities of which are unknown to the optometrist, the corrective 'tralize the efl'fect of the unknown corrective lens. The trial frame 37 may then be taken out by raising the operating handle 36. The axis is noted from the position to the neutralizing lens on the dial of the trial frame. Therefore if it is found that the lens having the qualities of minus two diopters and an axis of 60 the corrective lens must then be one of plus two diopters with the same axis.

In testing the qualities of a corrective lens to determine whether or not it meets with the requirements of a prescription, the corrective lenses are placed on the exterior of the figure head and proper lenses placed in the trial frame 37 should have the effect of neutralizing the corrective lenses. If the image or image glass is then clearly defined it is accepted that the corrective lenses are of the proper prescription. If however, the image is not clearly defined, neutralizing lenses must be found by a system of trial hereinbefore described, thereby ascertaining how much the corrective lens varies from the prescription.

While I have described the invention and illustrated the various methods in which it may be used, other possibilities of the device will appear to any one familiar with the art and therefore I do not Wish to limit myself in the construction of the same further than is required by the state of the art or that which comes within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A lens demonstrating device comprising a supporting member before which a lens may be placed, said member being provided with a simulation of an eye including an adjustable diaphragm and with means to show an image ,projected through said lens and simulation.

2. A lens demonstrating device comprising a structure simulating an eye and pro vided with a lens and an adjustable diaphragm, an image receiving member in line with said lens and adjustable toward and from the same, and a lens trial-frame .movable into and out of axial alinement with said lens and member.

3. A lens demonstrating device comprising a head, a revoluble eye structure therein having a lens, and an adjustable tube behind said eye structure, having means to receive and expose an image projected through said lens.

4. A lens demonstrating device comprising a head, a movable structure therein, simulating an eye, and having a lens, means to impart movement to said structure in imitation of the movements of an eye, and means at the rear of said head to receive and expose an image projected through said lens.

5. A lens demonstrating device comprising a head imitating a human head, eye structures therein, having lenses and tubes in the head, behind said eye structures and having means to receive and expose an image projected through said lenses.

6. A lens demonstrating device comprising a head imitating a human head, eye structures therein, having lenses, and tubes in the head, behind said eye structures and having means to receive and expose an image projected through said lenses, and a lens trial frame movable into and out of position between said eye structures and tubes.

7. A lens demonstrating device comprising a hollow head, adjustable eye structures 7 having lenses, in said head, means extending to the exterior of said head to adjust said structures, tubes in the head, behind said structures, and provided with means to receive and expose an image projected through said lenses, and lens-carrying frames movable in the head, intoand out of axial alinement with said lenses.

8. The combination with a lens frame, of a tube having an image-receiving means, adjustable toward and from the frame, and springs tending to return the tube to predetermined normal position, after being moved.

9. A demonstratingdevice comprising an adjustable globular eye member having a lens, a diaphragm in said member, and an adjustable tube having a receiving screen, in axial alinement with said member.

10. A demonstrating device comprising a hollow head having sockets at the front thereof, adjustable eye-members in said sockets, said members having lenses and diaphragms therein, and adjustable tubes in the head, behind the eye-members, having means to receive and expose an image proj ected through said eye members.

In testimony whereof I do aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT ANGEL.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. BOMMHARDT, ROBERT L. BRUOK. 

